The above image from the Nuremberg Chronicles depicts Vienna in 1493. After the dark ages the Babenburg dukes expanded and developed Vienna into a centre for trade. Hapsburg rule established itself in Vienna in the 13th Century and endured until 1918. From 1452 to 1806 the Hapsburg rulers were invariably elected as Holy Roman Emperors, allowing Vienna to transform into a grand Imperial capital. During the C16th and the Renaissance Vienna begain to establish itself as a center for the arts, however the threat of Turkish invasion and the plague intermittently inhibited this development.
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